COGNITIVE PROCESSING THERAPY (CPT)
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) is a well-established and evidence-based therapeutic approach designed to alleviate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions. Developed by Patricia Resick, Ph.D. and her colleagues, CPT is grounded in cognitive-behavioral principles and aims to help individuals understand and process traumatic experiences in order to reduce distress and improve overall functioning.
CPT is based on the understanding that traumatic events can lead to the development of maladaptive beliefs and cognitive distortions about oneself, others, and the world. These beliefs can contribute to the maintenance of PTSD symptoms such as intrusive thoughts, negative emotions, avoidance behaviors, and hyperarousal.
The primary goal of CPT is to challenge and modify these maladaptive beliefs through a structured and collaborative therapeutic process. CPT typically consists of 12 individual or group sessions, although the number of sessions may vary depending on individual needs and treatment goals.
KEY COMPONENTS OF COGNITIVE PROCESSING THERAPY INCLUDE
​Clients are provided with psychoeducation about PTSD, including information about common symptoms, the impact of trauma on the brain, and the rationale for treatment.
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​Education about PTSD
Clients learn to identify and explore specific cognitive themes related to their traumatic experiences. These themes often revolve around beliefs about safety, trust, power/control, self-esteem, and intimacy.
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​Identification of Cognitive Themes
Clients are guided through a process of challenging and reframing maladaptive beliefs associated with the traumatic event(s). This involves examining evidence for and against these beliefs, identifying cognitive distortions, and developing more adaptive and balanced perspectives.
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Cognitive Restructuring
In CPT, exposure techniques are used to help clients confront and process trauma-related thoughts, memories, and emotions. This may involve writing detailed accounts of the traumatic event(s), reading and discussing the accounts in therapy, and engaging in in vivo exposure exercises to gradually confront avoided situations or triggers.
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Exposure
Clients learn coping skills and strategies to manage distressing emotions, improve interpersonal relationships, and enhance overall well-being. This may include relaxation techniques, communication skills training, assertiveness training, and problem-solving skills.
Skill Building
Throughout the course of treatment, the therapist and client work collaboratively to address individual goals, monitor progress, and address any barriers or challenges that arise. Homework assignments and between-session exercises are often used to reinforce therapeutic concepts and promote skill acquisition.
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Research has consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of Cognitive Processing Therapy in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving functioning among individuals with PTSD. It is considered a first-line treatment for PTSD by leading mental health organizations, including the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense.
Overall, Cognitive Processing Therapy offers a structured and evidence-based approach to trauma-focused therapy, helping individuals to process traumatic experiences, challenge maladaptive beliefs, and reclaim a sense of safety, control, and empowerment in their lives.